3D Printing Ua Tau Cancer? Yuav siv li cas kom raug? Tsev kawm ntawv xaiv 3D tshuab luam ntawv li cas?

Tuam Tshoj tsim ntau lab tus neeg siv khoom qib 3D tshuab luam ntawv txhua xyoo thiab muag rau txhua qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb. Ib feem ntawm lawv yog siv los ntawm cov neeg siv hauv tsev lossis hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Tsis ntev tas los no, lub chaw haujlwm Antarctic Xyooj tau muaj lub teeb LCD tshiab kho 3D tshuab luam ntawv. Ib tug qauv tau luam tawm tag nrho hmo ntuj. Hnub tom qab, thaum lub qhov rooj qhib qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, ib tug ntse tsw ntawm photosensitive resin tuaj rau kuv lub ntsej muag. Kuv yuav tsum tau ntxuav cov ntaub ntawv resin tam sim ntawd thiab qhib qhov rais rau qhov cua. Kuv nyob sab nraum ob peb feeb ua ntej rov qab mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.

Hnub no kuv xav tham txog lo lus nug tseem ceeb: yuav ua li cas txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm 3D luam ntawv?

Thaum huab cua puv nrog cov ntxhiab tsw zoo ntawm cov yas yaj, nws tsuas yog ua pov thawj tias lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D ua haujlwm nyuaj rau lub sijhawm no. Tab sis tej zaum koj yuav tau pom tias tom qab cov xov xwm tshaj tawm tias 3D luam ntawv muaj tshuaj lom nyob rau xyoo tas los, lawv yuav tsum txhawj xeeb: "Cov pa roj carbon monoxide tso tawm los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav ua rau tib neeg li cas? Lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D hauv chav pw thiab cia nws ua haujlwm hmo ntuj, nws puas yuav cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog tias koj tso lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D hauv chaw ua haujlwm?

Tsis muaj teeb meem qhov twg koj npaj yuav muab lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D nyob hauv tsev, koj tuaj yeem kawm paub xaiv thiab yuav lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev xyaum los ntawm cov kab lus no, nrog rau yuav ua li cas kom huab cua zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev siv. .

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj no yog dab tsi? Nws puas tuaj yeem ua rau mob qog noj ntshav?

Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D (FDM / FFF 3D tshuab luam ntawv feem ntau raug tshuaj xyuas hauv daim ntawv no, thiab UV kho thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis yuav raug taug qab thiab tshawb xyuas tom qab) yuav tsim cov emissions thaum luam ntawv. Qee tus ntawm lawv tsis muaj teeb meem tab sis muaj ntxhiab tsw, uas yog tsim tom qab cov ntaub ntawv raug cua sov, thiab lwm tus yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab seb cov emissions no puas muaj kev nyab xeeb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem me me (PM) thiab cov organic sib txuas (VOCs) tso tawm los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv.

Particle teeb meem (PM) thiab volatile organic compounds (VOCs) tawm los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv (duab qhov chaw: US EPA)

Inhalable particulate matter (PM): Feem ntau, cov khoom nqus tau los ntawm tib neeg yuav nyob hauv lub ntsws. Yog tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov kab mob ua pa, xws li mob hawb pob. Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D, cov khoom no kuj tshwm sim hauv lub neej niaj hnub, xws li lub tsheb tso tsheb, hluav taws kub hauv roob, thiab lwm yam PM2.5 kuj yog ib qho kev ua qias tuaj uas peb feem ntau xyuam xim rau hauv lub neej niaj hnub.

Volatile organic compounds (VOC): Feem ntau, thaum kho kom zoo nkauj lossis yuav lub tsheb, tshwj xeeb yuav them rau VOC, xws li formaldehyde. Xyoo tas los, raws li cov xov xwm cuam tshuam tau hais tias, qee qhov VOCs tshwm sim los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv yog cov carcinogenic, tab sis cov toxicity ntawm cov emissions tsis tau kawm kom ntxaws, thiab kev tshawb nrhiav tseem tab tom ua.

Txawm hais tias cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws tseem tab tom ua tiav, qhov teeb meem ntawm FDM emissions rau tib neeg lub cev nyob ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm raug. Hauv xyoo 2021, kev tshawb fawb pom tias tib neeg raug emissions rau ib teev lossis tsawg dua yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev noj qab haus huv. Tab sis cov neeg uas nyob ib puag ncig lub tshuab luam ntawv txhua lub lim tiam thiab ua haujlwm ntau dua 40 teev yuav raug mob los ntawm kev ua pa. Qhov chaw grey ntawm 1 teev thiab 40 teev yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ntxiv los ntawm kev sim.

△ Txhua lub tshuab luam ntawv hauv chav kuaj ntawm Kettering University hauv Michigan raug kaw hauv 3DPrintClean lim lub thawv (duab qhov chaw: Kettering University)

Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txiav txim siab txog cov menyuam yaus tseem tab tom kawm, peb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov tsev kawm ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 3D printing innovation laboratory hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tshawb fawb txog kev tso tawm ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) qhia tias cov menyuam yaus yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tshwj xeeb rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv emissions. Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias piv nrog cov neeg laus, cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog 9 txog 18 xyoo tau nqus cov pa tawm los ntawm 3D luam ntawv, thaj tsam ntawm lawv lub ntsws uas muaj cov khoom loj dua. EPA ntseeg tias qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau menyuam yaus xav paub ntau dua thiab nyiam kev sib raug zoo nrog lub taub hau luam ntawv, thiab cov menyuam yaus txoj kev ua pa tseem nyob rau theem kev loj hlob thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

△ 3 Doodler, lub chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim 3D luam ntawv cwj mem rau cov menyuam yaus kom txo tau PM los ntawm kev txo qhov melting point.

Yog li, tsab xov xwm no yuav coj koj los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb tam sim no ib los ntawm ib qho los pab koj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kws qhia ntawv, nkag siab txog kev tiv thaiv koj tus kheej thaum siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv sab hauv tsev, thiab yuav ua li cas los txiav txim siab yog tias koj npaj yuav yuav 3D tshuab luam ntawv.

Yuav txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv li cas thaum siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv

△ Lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D ntawm Alto University, Finland, tau sau ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog 3D tshuab luam ntawv thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm lawv cov emissions rau kev noj qab haus huv thiab huab cua zoo. Daim ntawv no hais txog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv ib feem.

1. Siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg (xws li PLA) thiab xaiv cov khoom qub lossis hom hlau

Ua ntej, qhov loj tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau FDM emissions yog consumables. Raws li ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ua los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) thiab lwm yam departments, hom consumables muaj ib tug tseem ceeb heev cuam tshuam rau emissions, nyob ntawm seb cov raw khoom siv los ntawm manufacturers thiab cov intermediate synthesis txheej txheem - txawv consumables muaj sib txawv toughening. , xim thiab lwm yam additives, uas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm kub melting. Lub US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) kuj tau hais tsis ntev los no, "Nrog rau kev siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv ntau zuj zus, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. lwm yam additives thiab volatile organic compounds thiab particulate teeb meem cuam tshuam, thiab teeb meem cov qauv. "

Tam sim no, feem ntau FDA cov kev tshawb fawb tsom rau kev tsom xam ntawm peb yam khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws - ABS, PLA thiab nylon. ABS feem ntau muab faib ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab. Ntxiv rau kev tsim cov PM thiab VOCs ntau heev thaum pib siv ABS, cov emissions thaum lub sij hawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem luam ntawv yog ruaj khov heev. Raws li tau hais los saum no, txij li VOCs emissions yuav sai sai ua ke nrog cov particulates thiab ua integrated, lub ntsiab emissions tsis tu ncua generated nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yog feem ntau particulates. Lub emission ntawm PLA thiab nylon cov ntaub ntawv yog tsawg dua li ntawm ABS. Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem yuav tsim cov khoom siv ntau heev thaum pib siv, tab sis yuav tsis txuas ntxiv mus. Yog li ntawd, peb feem ntau hu cov ntaub ntawv no cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis muaj emission.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj pom tias cov emissions ntawm PLA yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm cov hom khoom siv. Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv yog qhov tsis sib xws, thiab cov emissions ntawm qee cov PLA tseem nyob ze rau cov emissions ntawm ABS. Rodney Weber, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Georgia lub koom haum thev naus laus zis, tau tshawb pom qhov no thaum ntxov li 2017 tom qab ua qhov kev sim ntawm kev tawm ntawm cov khoom siv. Nws hais kom cov neeg siv ceev faj txog kev yuav khoom pheej yig uas tsis muaj ntawv tso cai. Nws tau hais tias, "Peb pom tias cov aerosol concentration generated thaum luam ntawv yuav siab dua thaum siv cov khoom siv pheej yig dua li cov khoom tsim los yog pom zoo los ntawm thawj lub Hoobkas lossis cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov. Lub koom haum Aerosol tau pom tias qee cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom sib txuas tawm los ntawm PLA tseem muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li ABS, tab sis txij li thaum PLA tsuas yog tsim cov khoom tsis zoo no thaum pib luam ntawv Raws li lub sijhawm dhau mus, cov tshuaj lom ntawm ABS cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav maj mam dhau ntawm PLA. khoom siv emissions.

△ Hais txog qhov emissions ntawm 3D luam ntawv, Rodney Weberz, tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Georgia Institute of Technology, tab tom ua qhov kev tshawb nrhiav pioneering (duab qhov chaw: Journal of Aerosol Science thiab Technology)

2. Kev teeb tsa kev ua kom zoo: thinner nozzle, qis nozzle kub, thiab xaiv cov nyhuv zoo tshaj plaws

Qhov thib ob, cov khoom siv kho vajtse tsis sib txawv ntawm cov tuam txhab tsim khoom sib txawv, thiab cov kev txwv no yuav cuam tshuam rau kev tso tawm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum PLA consumables thiab nylon consumables yog siv, lub zog ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv hom thiab tsis yog pom tseeb dua. Qee qhov chaw kuj muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj rau PM thiab VOCs emission tus nqi.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua nyob rau hauv University of Technology hauv Brno, qhov twg cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv teeb tsa ntawm ABS, PLA, PET thiab TPU cov ntaub ntawv. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias thaum peb xaiv qhov chaw luam ntawv zoo tshaj plaws, peb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev luam ntawv thaum txo qis emissions; Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, thaum lub nozzle kub yog teem tsawg, cov emissions generated los ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm kev xav txog kev noj qab haus huv ua pa, cov kws tshawb fawb pom zoo tias cov neeg siv lub tshuab luam ntawv tau teeb tsa qhov ntsuas kub qis tshaj plaws, txawm tias qis dua qhov chaw tsim khoom cov lus pom zoo. Txoj kev tshawb no tseem pom tau tias qhov loj ntawm lub nozzle muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj heev rau qhov emission rate thiab particle concentration. Rau ABS, PET thiab PLA cov ntaub ntawv, lawv pom tias siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm {{0}}.4 mm nozzle ua rau PM tsawg tshaj plaws. TPU yog ib qho kev zam. Thaum siv TPU, lub nozzle loj nce mus rau 0.6 hli, thiab cov paug tawm tsawg dua.

△ Kev tsim cov khoom siv ntau tshaj plaws thaum luam ntawv nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv nozzle kub / qhov loj me (duab qhov chaw: International Journal of Environmental Research thiab Public Health, "Parameters cuam tshuam Ultrafine Particle Emission hauv 3D Printing")

Cov txiaj ntsig kuj tau pom tias cov khoom siv ntws los yog luam ntawv nrawm tau cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov pa tawm. Yog li ntawd, kev teeb tsa extruder yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws cuam tshuam rau emissions. Lwm txoj kev tshawb fawb siv ABS thiab PLA kev ntsuam xyuas pom tau tias lub tshuab luam ntawv rhuab yuav tsis nce emissions, tab sis yuav pab kom cov particle loj thiab txo cov particles yooj yim dua.

Yuav luag txhua tus kws tshawb fawb taw qhia tias txoj kev ua pa kom zoo yog tus yuam sij los txhim kho huab cua hauv tsev. Tus neeg siv yuav tsum muab lub tshuab luam ntawv tso rau hauv qhov chaw zoo thiab nruab ib lub kiv cua ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws. Tag nrho cov tshuab cua tshuab yuav tsum tau nruab nrog cov cua pom zoo rau kev siv. Nws raug nquahu kom siv HEPA cov ntxaij lim dej, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm txog 99.95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv. Txhawm rau txo VOCs emissions, activated carbon lim yog qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws.

3. Rau lub tshuab luam ntawv qhib, ntxiv lwm cov khoom txhawb nqa

Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo los npog lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D nrog lub qhov cua me me nrog lub tshuab lim cua. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D lub desktop tuaj yeem txo cov pa tawm los ntawm 97 feem pua ​​​​los ntawm kev muab tso rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog kev lim dej thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov cua. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias thaum yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum xyuas seb lub plhaub yuav puas tau nruab nrog HEPA system, vim tias ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D ntawm lub khw tsuas yog siv los tswj cov cua sov, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam emission.

△ Lub tshuab luam ntawv lub plhaub nrog HEPA lim tshwj xeeb los ntawm Alveo3D, lub tuam txhab Fab Kis (daim duab qhov chaw: Alveo3D)

Lub tshuab cua purifier siv lub kiv cua nqus cua thiab tshem tawm ntau yam kuab paug los ntawm ntau txoj kev lim dej thiab tshuaj tua kab mob. Lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho huab cua zoo hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los xaiv lub tshuab lim cua nruab nrog HEPA thiab qhib cov pa roj carbon lim dej. Cov lim cua yuav tsum tau yuav nrog kev saib xyuas zoo, vim tias cov lim tshwj xeeb siv rau cov plua plav thiab kev faib tawm yuav tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm tag nrho cov khoom lossis VOCs tawm los ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D. Nco ntsoov hloov cov ntxaij lim dej ntawm lub tshuab tsis tu ncua.

4. Sab hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm huab cua zoo saib

Lub ntsuas cua zoo tuaj yeem pab cov neeg siv saib xyuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm hauv lub sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov lus txiav txim sib txawv ntawm seb cov neeg siv khoom saib xyuas cov khoom puas txaus los xyuas cov khoom me me tawm thaum lub sij hawm 3D luam ntawv. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom sib cais tawm ntawm cov khoom siv tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.05 thiab 0.2 microns loj. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau cov neeg saib xyuas huab cua hauv tsev tsuas tuaj yeem kuaj pom cov khoom nrog qhov loj ntawm 1 thiab 2.5 microns (txhais tau tias PM1-PM2.5). Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov kev saib xyuas tuaj yeem pom cov khoom hauv qab no 0.1 μ m (txhais tau tias PM0.1).

Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov ntsuas huab cua tsis tas yuav txhim khu kev qha txawm tias nyob hauv cov chaw tshawb fawb qib siab. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tus saib xyuas pom tias PM concentration siab dua 35 micrograms / m3, koj yuav tsum pib nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tshem tawm cov pa tawm ntawm thaj chaw ua haujlwm.

Kuv yuav xaiv li cas thiaj yuav lub tshuab luam ntawv uas tau lees tias huab cua zoo?

1. Yuav FDM tshuab luam ntawv nrog built-in HEPA lim

Txij li thaum tsis muaj cov qauv kev sim paub tab rau lub sijhawm tam sim no, txhawm rau ua kom cov huab cua hauv tsev zoo thaum siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv, peb tuaj yeem pib los ntawm 3D tshuab luam ntawv lawv tus kheej thiab ib puag ncig sab hauv tsev kom pom cov kev daws teeb meem sib xws. Ua ntej, koj tuaj yeem pib nrog lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D. Tam sim no muaj ntau lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D nrog cov lim cua hauv khw hauv khw. Nrog rau cov tshuab luam ntawv no, koj tuaj yeem txuag cov kauj ruam ntawm kev yuav cov khoom siv lim cua cais, thiab tswj cov emissions los ntawm "qhov chaw".

Feem ntau cov neeg siv khoom 3D tshuab luam ntawv tsis tau nruab nrog cov pa lim cua. Qee cov qauv kev tshaj lij yuav tau nruab nrog lawv, thaum lwm tus yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntxiv. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas thaum yuav khoom. Lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D muaj tshwj xeeb tsim los rau lub Hoobkas thiab yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tshuab lim cua kom ua tau raws li cov cai thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv chaw ua haujlwm. Cov neeg siv tuaj yeem yuav cov tshuab luam ntawv 3D sib raug raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv luam ntawv thiab ib puag ncig, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los yuav cov qauv ncaj qha nrog cov tshuab lim.

Nce 3D

Lub tshuab luam ntawv Raise3D Pro3 tshiab tau nruab nrog Air Flow Manager huab cua ntws steward system, uas thawj zaug ncig ntawm lub tshuab luam ntawv chamber thiab tom qab ntawd lim los ntawm HEPA. Cov nyhuv tiag tiag zoo dua li ntawm cov qauv uas tsuas yog siv HEPA rau kev lim dej. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tej zaum yuav ua kom cov khoom me me ua cov plua plav loj thaum lawv sib cuag hauv cov txheej txheem hauv tsev, kom lawv tuaj yeem yooj yim dua adsorbed lossis khom.

2. Ntxiv cov lim cua rau lub tshuab luam ntawv FDM expandable

Qee lub tshuab luam ntawv 3D tsis muaj lawv tus kheej lub tshuab lim cua, tab sis lawv kuj muab cov khoom siv lim cua sib piv rau cov khoom siv. Txawm hais tias nws muaj peev xwm tswj tau cov emissions los ntawm "qhov chaw", xws li 3D tshuab luam ntawv yuav tsum tau siv cov nqi ntxiv thiab cov kauj ruam ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntxiv, thiab tus nqi yuav siab dua li cov khoom siv nrog cov ntxaij lim dej built-in nrog cov nqi sib xws thiab kev ua haujlwm.

Zortrax

Zortrax's HEPA sab saum toj npog (ntxiv $ 250, txog 1500 yuan) yog tsim rau feem ntau Zortrax qauv. Cov lim dej ua kom muaj pa roj carbon monoxide tuaj yeem nqus tau ntau yam tsis hnov ​​tsw thaum luam ntawv, thaum lub lim HEPA tuaj yeem ntes cov khoom tsis zoo.

MakerBot

Lub Tshuab Cua Huv Huv ntawm txhua qhov MakerBot Method thiab Method X tshuab luam ntawv (cov nqi ntxiv $ 899, txog 6300 yuan) yog nruab nrog HEPA lim, uas tau lees paub los ntawm GreenGuard rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig.

Ultimaker

Raws li cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Ultimaker, Ultimaker S5 Air Manager (cov nqi ntxiv ntawm $ 925, txog 6500 yuan) yog nruab nrog E10 particle filter, uas tuaj yeem lim txog li 95 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov khoom siv ultra-nplua, nrog rau cov kiv cua uas ntsiag to.

Cov ntsiab lus

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, ntau chav kawm, tsev kawm qib siab thiab kev lag luam yuav siv 3D tshuab luam ntawv, vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm loj hauv kev kawm thiab kev tshawb fawb. Txawm hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no tseem tsis txaus los txhawb kev tsim cov qauv kev lag luam, peb tseem yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov xwm txheej uas yuav muaj kev phom sij, tiv thaiv lawv ua ntej lawv tshwm sim, txo qis kev phom sij ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thiab tiv thaiv menyuam yaus los ntawm cov xwm txheej zoo ib yam li melamine yav dhau los.